Russian Prepositional case (Предло́жный паде́ж)
Russian prepositional case is always used after prepositions "в" (in), "на" (at) and "о" (about) when they designate the location or place.
In English, Prepositional case is used almost the same way as in Russian.
Example:
Ма́ша в Москве́ (Masha is in Moscow).
Masha is the subject.
"In" is preposition.
Moscow is the place where Masha is.
Prepositional case must be applied to the word "Moscow".
Ма́ша в Москве́
Usage of Russian Prepositional case
Prepositional case must be applied to the Nominative form of a noun.
Let's analyze our example: Ма́ша в Москве́.
Ма́ша - is the subject.
в - preposition.
Москве́ - prepositional form of Moscow (Москва).
Using prepositional case on the nominative form of Москва.
1. Determine the gender of a noun. Москва́ is Feminine.
2. Remove the last letter of the nominative form of a noun. Remove the last "a" in the word Москва́.
3. Add the appropriate ending based on the rules below. Москва́ changes to Москве.
Rules of Russian Prepositional case (Singular form)
| MASCULINE NOUN (Nominative) | Remove last letter | Add ending | MASCULINE NOUN (Prepositional) |
| това́рищ (comrade) | If consonant, do not remove | е | това́рище |
| геро́й (hero) | й | геро́е | |
| па́па (dad) | а | па́пе | |
| коммента́рий (сomment) | ий | ии | коммента́рии |
| Some of MASCULINE nouns have an alternative Prepositional form and end with "у" | |||
| лес (forest) -> лесу́ | пол (floor) -> полу́ | у́гол (corner) -> углу́ | шка́ф (closet) -> шкафу́ |
| сне́г (snow) -> снегу́ | рот (mouth) -> рту | порт (port) -> порту́ | мост (bridge) -> мосту́ |
| FEMININE NOUNS (Nominative) | Remove last letter | Add ending | FEMININE NOUNS (Prepositional) |
| ка́рта (map) | а | е | ка́рте |
| семья́ (family) | я | семье́ | |
| дверь (door) | ь | и | двери́ |
| ста́нция (station) | ия | ии | ста́нции |
| NEUTER NOUN (Nominative) | Remove last letter | Add ending | NEUTER NOUN (Prepositional) |
| окно́ (window) | о | е | окне́ |
| по́ле (field) | if ends with "e", no change | по́ле | |
Rules of Russian Prepositional case (Plural form)
| MASCULINE NOUN (Nominative Singular) | If noun ends in | Add ending | MASCULINE NOUN (Prepositional Plural) |
| това́рищ (comrade) | If consonant, do not remove | ах | това́рищах |
| учи́тель (teacher) | ь | ях | учи́телях |
| геро́й (hero) | й | геро́ях | |
| FEMININE NOUN (Nominative Singular) | If noun ends in | Add ending | FEMININE NOUN (Prepositional Plural) |
| шко́ла (school) | а | ах | шко́лах |
| сту́дия (studio) | я | ях | сту́диях |
| NEUTER NOUN (Nominative Singular) | If noun ends in | Add ending | NEUTER NOUN (Prepositional Plural) |
| письмо́ (letter) | о | ах | пи́сьмах |
| зда́ние (building) | е | ях | зда́ниях |
Exceptions of Russian Prepositional case (Plural form)
| Remember! Some of Russian nouns have an alternative ending for Prepositional form | ||
| Masculine Nominative | Masculine Prepositional | |
| Singular | Plural | Plural |
| бра́т (brother) | бра́тья (brothers) | бра́тьях |
| стул (chair) | сту́лья (chairs) | сту́льях |
| рот (mouth) | рты (mouths) | ртах |
| сын (son) | сыновья́ (sons) | сыновья́х |
| друг (friend) | друзья́ (friends) | друзья́х |
| ребёнок (child) | дети (children) | детя́х |
| челове́к (person) | лю́ди (people) | лю́дях |
| Feminine Nominative | Feminine Prepositional | |
| Singular | Plural | Plural |
| дочь (daughter) | до́чери (daughters) | дочеря́х |
| сестра́ (sister) | сёстры (sisters) | сёстрах |
| Neuter Nominative | Neuter Prepositional | |
| Singular | Plural | Plural |
| окно́ (window) | о́кна (windows) | о́кнах |
| вре́мя (time) | времена́ (times) | времена́х |
| и́мя (name) | имена́ (names) | имена́х |
Personal Pronouns of Prepositional case
| Nominative | Prepositional | |||||
| Singular | Russian | Transcript | English | Russian | Transcript | English |
| Я | [Ya] | I | Мне | [Mne] | Me | |
| Ты | [Ti] | You (informal) | Тебе́ | [Tebe] | You (informal) | |
| Он | [On] | He | Нём | [Nyom] | Him | |
| Оно | [Ono] | It | Нём | [Nyom] | It | |
| Она | [Ona] | She | Не́й | [Nei] | Her | |
| Plural | Мы | [Mi] | We | Нас | [Nas] | Us |
| Вы | [Vi] | You (formal/pl) | Вас | [Vas] | You (formal/pl) | |
| Они | [Oni] | They | Них | [Nih] | Them | |
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